Table of Contents
FOREWARD
CHAPTER ONE: RIGID TRANSPARENT PLASTICS (PLS003H)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
RELATED BCC REPORTS
BCC ONLINE SERVICES
DISCLAIMER
SUMMARY
TABLE 1 NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPARENT PLASTIC MARKET BY TYPE OF RESIN, THROUGH 2015
FIGURE 1 NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPARENT PLASTIC MARKET BY TYPE OF RESIN, 2009-2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
THE GLASS INDUSTRY
BACKGROUND
FLAT GLASS
OVERVIEW
WINDOW AND SHEET GLASS
FLOAT GLASS
LAMINATED GLASS
TEMPERED GLASS
REFLECTIVE GLASS
SOLAR GLASS
BULLET-RESISTANT GLASS
EMI SHIELDING GLASS
PATTERNED GLASS
PLASTIC INROADS
EVOLUTION OF CLEAR PLASTICS
BACKGROUND
IMPORTANT EARLY DEVELOPMENTS
CHOICES
THE PROBLEM
TECHNOLOGY
PERFORMANCE VARIABLES
TRANSPARENCY OR CLARITY
REFRACTIVE INDEX
HAZE
TABLE 2 OPTICAL QUALITIES OF CLEAR RIGID PLASTICS (1)
YELLOWNESS INDEX (YI)
UV STABILITY
TABLE 3 SENSITIVITY TO UV RADIATION AMONG SELECTED CLEAR PLASTICS
ABRASION RESISTANCE
USE OF COATINGS
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
HEAT RESISTANCE
TABLE 4 HEAT RESISTANCE LEVELS OF SELECTED CLEAR PLASTICS (ºF AT 264 PSI)
INDUSTRY CONSIDERATIONS
MECHANICAL STRENGTH
TABLE 5 COMPARATIVE IMPACT RESISTANCE VALUES AMONG SELECTED CLEAR PLASTICS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
TRANSPARENT PLASTICS
OVERVIEW
TABLE 6 PERCENT OF TRANSPARENT GRADES FOR MAJOR PLASTICS, 2006 (%)
POLYCARBONATES
OVERVIEW
IMPACT OF BISPHENOL A ON POLYCARBONATE USAGE
PROCESSING
PROPERTY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
PRODUCERS AND CAPACITIES
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICAN POLYCARBONATE PRODUCERS AND CAPACITIES (MILLION POUNDS/YEAR)
RECENT CAPACITY DEVELOPMENTS
APPLICATIONS
PRODUCER GRADES
SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
SELECTED TRADE NAMES OF POLYCARBONATES
OTHER IMPORTANT COMPANIES INVOLVED WITH POLYCARBONATES
Altuglas International
Sheffield Chemical
NEW PRODUCTS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Teijin Chemical Activities
Bayer Material Science
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS
TABLE 8 POLYCARBONATE TRANSPARENT MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
TABLE 9 POLYCARBONATE TRANSPARENT BUILDING/CONSTRUCTION MARKET, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
ACRYLICS
OVERVIEW
COMPARISON OF PMMA WITH GLASS
PROPERTIES
MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLIC POLYMERS
Sheet
Properties of Acrylic Molded and Extruded Products
APPLICATIONS
PRODUCER/SUPPLIER ACTIVITIES AND DEVELOPMENTS
Altuglas
Cyro Industries
Lucite International
NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Mitsubishi Rayon Becomes Global Acrylics Leader
Evonik Cyro LLC Activities
New Thermoformed Acrylic Sheet
Usage of Biocides
Acrylics with Higher Heat and Scratch Resistance
Neon Acrylic Products
DeGussa in Taiwan Acrylic JV
Sekisui Develops Techpolymer
CHAPTER TWO: BIOPLASTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS (PLS069A)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
RELATED BCC REPORTS
SUMMARY
TABLE 10 USE OF BIOPLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2015 (METRIC TONS)
FIGURE 2 USE OF BIOPLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION, 2008-2015 (METRIC TONS)
THE BIOPLASTICS INDUSTRY
HISTORY OF BIOPLASTICS
PROS AND CONS OF BIOPLASTICS
THE CASE FOR BIOPLASTICS
THE CASE AGAINST BIOPLASTICS
CHAPTER THREE:: NONWOVEN MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS (PLS033B)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
INFORMATION SOURCES
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
RELATED BCC RESEARCH
SUMMARY
TABLE 11 GLOBAL NONWOVEN MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL NONWOVEN MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS OUTLOOK, 2006-2015 (MILLION LBS)
TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
OVERVIEW
HISTORY
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
FIGURE 4 NONWOVEN FABRIC PRODUCTION PROCESSES
TABLE 12 SUMMARY OF NONWOVEN PROCESSES
WEB FORMING
TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICAN NONWOVENS MARKET BY WEB FORMING PROCESS METHOD, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
Spun Laid
Dry Laid
Carding
Air Laying
Wet Laid
Other Techniques
Meltblown
Film Fibrillation
Tandem (or Hybrid) Processes
WEB BONDING
Chemical Bonding
Thermal Bonding
Calendering
Ultrasound
Through-Air
Mechanical Bonding
Needlepunching
Hydroentanglement
Stitchbonding
FINISHING
CONVERTING
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
NONWOVEN FIBERS
OVERVIEW
FIGURE 5 PERCENTAGE SHARES OF NONWOVEN FIBERS USED IN NORTH AMERICA BY TYPE OF FIBER, 1975-2015 (%)
TABLE 14 NORTH AMERICAN NONWOVEN FIBERS MARKET BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
CHAPTER FOUR: POLYMERIC FOAMS (PLS008G)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
REPORT SCOPE AND NOTATION
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
RELATED BCC RESEARCH
SUMMARY
TABLE 15 POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN FAMILY, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS.)
FIGURE 6 POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN FAMILY, 2009-2015 (MILLION LBS.)
OVERVIEW
THE PETROCHEMICAL AND PLASTIC RESIN INDUSTRIES
PETROCHEMICALS
PLASTIC RESINS
History
Modern Polymer Chemistry
Bulk Resin Manufacture
Plastic Resin Fabrication
Commodity vs. Specialty Resins
Commodity Resins
Specialty Resins
POLYMERIC FOAMS
CLOSED- AND OPEN-CELL FOAMS
POLYMER FOAM BLOWING AGENTS
RESINS USED TO PRODUCE POLYMER FOAMS
Phenolic Foams
Polyolefin Foams
Polystyrene (PS) Foams
POLYURETHANE (PUR) FOAMS
Polyurethane Raw Materials
Isocyanates
Polyols
FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAMS
RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS
SEMI-RIGID (INTEGRAL-SKIN) PUR FOAMS
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) FOAMS
STRUCTURAL FOAMS
COMPETITIVE FOAM MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
NATURAL FOAM MATERIALS
THERMOFORMED SHEET
PAPER AND OTHER FIBER PRODUCTS
CHAPTER FIVE: MEDICAL PLASTICS (PLS009F)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
RELATED BCC REPORTS
SUMMARY
TABLE 16 U.S. MEDICAL PLASTICS MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 7 U.S. MEDICAL PLASTICS MARKET BY RESIN, 2009-2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
BACKGROUND
CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND
MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY
BACKGROUND
OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY
TABLE 17 U.S MEDICAL INDUSTRY: PRINCIPAL MATERIALS, PRODUCER TYPES, MAJOR PRODUCTS AND PRINCIPAL CONSUMERS
VALUE OF SHIPMENTS OF MEDICAL DEVICES
TABLE 18 VALUE OF SHIPMENTS OF MEDICAL DEVICES, 1980-2010 ($ BILLIONS)
MAJOR MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANIES
TABLE 19 TOP MAJOR MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANIES, 2008 ($ BILLIONS)
KEY MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANY MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
TABLE 20 KEY SELECTED MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANY MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ($ MILLIONS)
MARKETING ASPECTS OF THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW
LARGE PURCHASING/MARKETING GROUPS CHANGING THE FACE OF MEDICAL DEVICE MARKETING
OFFSHORE COMPETITION
CONTRACT MANUFACTURING
BACKGROUND
THE DECISION VARIABLES FOR CONTRACT MANUFACTURING
CHOOSING A CONTRACT MANUFACTURER
OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING
CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS AND LIFESTYLES
HEALTHCARE COST CONTAINMENT
OVERVIEW
MANAGED CARE
HOME HEALTHCARE
SHIFTS IN PLASTIC USAGE
CHAPTER SIX: POLYPROPYLENE RESINS AND ELASTOMERS (PLS049A)
INTRODUCTION
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
RELATED BCC RESEARCH STUDIES
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
SUMMARY
TABLE 21 U.S. POLYPROPYLENE RESIN MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 (MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 8 U.S. POLYPROPYLENE RESIN MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2008-2014 (MILLION POUNDS)
OVERVIEW
BACKGROUND
A CURRENT OVERALL SNAPSHOT OF POLYPROPYLENE
POLYPROPYLENE PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES
ZIEGLER-NATTA
NOVOLEN
SPHERIZONE AND SPHERIPOL
BOREALIS-BORSTAR POLYPROPYLENE TECHNOLOGY
OTHER
METALLOCENE POLYPROPYLENE
BACKGROUND
HISTORY
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
ASSESSMENT OF METALLOCENE POLYPROPYLENE IMPACT
ROLE OF METALLOCENES
IMPORTANCE OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION
CHAPTER SEVEN: PLASTICS FOR HEALTHCARE PACKAGING (PLS007A)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
RELATED BCC REPORTS
SUMMARY
TABLE 22 U.S. HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 10 U.S. HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, 2009-2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
BACKGROUND
CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND
MARKETING
OVERVIEW
LARGE PURCHASING/MARKETING GROUPS CHANGING THE FACE OF MEDICAL DEVICE MARKETING
OFFSHORE COMPETITION
CONTRACT PACKAGING
OVERVIEW
HEALTHCARE PACKAGING
OVERVIEW
DRUG REGULATIONS AND REVIEW PROCESSES
HEALTHCARE PACKAGING STANDARDS
COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS
ASTM
Overview
Examples of ASTM tests for healthcare packaging
include:
ASTM Packaging Standards
TABLE 23 ASTM MEDICAL DEVICE PACKAGING STANDARDS
Recent ASTM Meeting in Czechoslovakia
ISO STANDARDS
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING TEST METHODS
HEALTHCARE COMPLIANCE COUNCIL (HCPC)
PACKAGING PLASTICS APPROVAL PROCESS
IMPORTANT AREAS AFFECTING HEALTHCARE PACKAGING
COMPLIANCE PACKAGING
CHILD-RESISTANT PACKAGING
SENIOR-FRIENDLY HEALTHCARE PACKAGING
TAMPER-EVIDENT HEALTHCARE PACKAGING
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICES OF HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MATERIALS
COMPETING PACKAGING MATERIALS
DISPOSABILITY AND RECYLABILITY
CURRENT HEALTHCARE PACKAGING PROGNOSES
HIGH COSTS COULD SLOW DOWN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING GROWTH
INCREASING USE OF HOME HEALTHCARE
THE CURRENT SCENE “ON-THE-HILL”
POTENTIAL NEW HEALTHCARE PACKAGING INNOVATIONS AND THE FDA
AN INTERESTING NEW HEALTHCARE PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY: FLOW WRAPPING
BACKGROUND
DETAILS
PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING
OVERVIEW
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACEUTICALS
NON-PRESCRIPTION (OTC) PRODUCTS
RX-TO-OTC SWITCH PRODUCTS
PACKAGING OTC PRODUCTS
HOSPITAL PRODUCTS/MEDICAL SUPPLIES
NEAR-TERM OUTLOOK FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
TYPES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING
Overview
Containers
Closures
Blister Packaging
Overview
Advantages
Obstacles
Blister Pack Materials
More Details on Resin Choices
Use of Clamshells
MEDICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING
OVERVIEW
TRENDS IN MEDICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING
Background
Home Healthcare
Blood and Intravenous Solution Collection/Delivery Systems
MEDICAL PACKAGING APPLICATIONS
Overview
Packaging Choices
Sterile Packaging is not Simple
Overview
Sterile Barrier System Validations
Shelf Life of Sterile Packaging
ACCELERATED AGING PROTOCOLS
MATERIAL CHOICES
BLOW-FILL-SEAL PACKAGING (BFS)
PARENTERAL PACKAGING
DRUG DELIVERY CHALLENGES AND NEW PRODUCTS
Dry Powders for Pulmonary Uses
Pouches for Unit-Dose Delivery Systems
Tamper-Evident Syringes
Use of Olefin Polymers
Beveled-Needle Syringes
Reclosable Pouches
Safety Syringes
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL PACKAGING
USE OF TRANSPARENT MEDICAL PLASTIC PACKAGING
OTHER ADVANCES
CHAPTER EIGHT: HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILMS (PLS039E)
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
RELATED BCC REPORTS
SUMMARY
TABLE 24 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILMS MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS)
FIGURE 11 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILMS MARKET, 2008-2015 ($ BILLIONS)
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
SUPPLIERS
END USERS
HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM PRICING
TABLE 25 AVERAGE HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM PRICES ($/LB)
MAJOR MARKETS
MARKETS BY MATERIALS
OVERVIEW
RESIN MARKET
TABLE 26 U.S. HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM MARKET BY RESIN VOLUME, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
FIGURE 12 U.S. HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM MARKET BY RESIN VOLUME, 2010 AND 2015 (MILLION LBS)
TABLE 27 COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILMS, BY APPLICATION
Polyester Films
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPARENT PLASTIC MARKET BY
TYPE OF RESIN, THROUGH 2015
TABLE 2 OPTICAL QUALITIES OF CLEAR RIGID PLASTICS (1)
TABLE 3 SENSITIVITY TO UV RADIATION AMONG SELECTED CLEAR PLASTICS
TABLE 4 HEAT RESISTANCE LEVELS OF SELECTED CLEAR PLASTICS (ºF AT 264 PSI)
TABLE 5 COMPARATIVE IMPACT RESISTANCE VALUES AMONG
SELECTED CLEAR PLASTICS
TABLE 6 PERCENT OF TRANSPARENT GRADES FOR MAJOR PLASTICS, 2006 (%)
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICAN POLYCARBONATE PRODUCERS AND
CAPACITIES (MILLION POUNDS/YEAR)
TABLE 8 POLYCARBONATE TRANSPARENT MARKET BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
TABLE 9 POLYCARBONATE TRANSPARENT
BUILDING/CONSTRUCTION MARKET, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
TABLE 10 USE OF BIOPLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2015 (METRIC TONS)
TABLE 11 GLOBAL NONWOVEN MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
TABLE 12 SUMMARY OF NONWOVEN PROCESSES
TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICAN NONWOVENS MARKET BY WEB
FORMING PROCESS METHOD, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
TABLE 14 NORTH AMERICAN NONWOVEN FIBERS MARKET BY TYPE
OF MATERIAL, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
TABLE 15 POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN
FAMILY, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS.)
TABLE 16 U.S. MEDICAL PLASTICS MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
TABLE 17 U.S MEDICAL INDUSTRY: PRINCIPAL MATERIALS, PRODUCER TYPES, MAJOR PRODUCTS AND PRINCIPAL
CONSUMERS
TABLE 18 VALUE OF SHIPMENTS OF MEDICAL DEVICES, 1980-2010 ($ BILLIONS)
TABLE 19 TOP MAJOR MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANIES, 2008 ($ BILLIONS)
TABLE 20 KEY SELECTED MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANY MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ($ MILLIONS)
TABLE 21 U.S. POLYPROPYLENE RESIN MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 (MILLION POUNDS)
TABLE 22 U.S. HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
TABLE 23 ASTM MEDICAL DEVICE PACKAGING STANDARDS
TABLE 24 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILMS
MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS)
TABLE 25 AVERAGE HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM PRICES ($/LB)
TABLE 26 U.S. HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM MARKET BY RESIN
VOLUME, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS)
TABLE 27 COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE
FILMS, BY APPLICATION
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPARENT PLASTIC MARKET BY
TYPE OF RESIN, 2009-2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 2 USE OF BIOPLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION, 2008-2015 (METRIC TONS)
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL NONWOVEN MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
OUTLOOK, 2006-2015 (MILLION LBS)
FIGURE 4 NONWOVEN FABRIC PRODUCTION PROCESSES
FIGURE 5 PERCENTAGE SHARES OF NONWOVEN FIBERS USED IN
NORTH AMERICA BY TYPE OF FIBER, 1975-2015 (%)
FIGURE 6 POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN
FAMILY, 2009-2015 (MILLION LBS.)
FIGURE 7 U.S. MEDICAL PLASTICS MARKET BY RESIN, 2009-2015
(MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 8 U.S. POLYPROPYLENE RESIN MARKET BY APPLICATION,
2008-2014 (MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 9 U.S. HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, 2009-
2015 (MILLION POUNDS)
FIGURE 10 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE
FILMS MARKET, 2008-2015 ($ BILLIONS)
FIGURE 11 U.S. HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILM MARKET BY RESIN
VOLUME, 2010 AND 2015 (MILLION LBS)